MGT 300 - CHAPTER 7

CHAPTER 7 👉 STORING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION

                                          WHAT IS INFORMATION ?

💚 Information is everywhere in an organization

💛 Information is stored in databases
      🔼 Database ⇝ Maintains information about various types of objects (inventory),
                               events (transactions), people (employees) and places (warehouses).
💙 Database models include :
      🔼Hierarchical database model ⇝ Information is organized into a tree-like structure (using                                                                         parent/child relationship) in such a way that it cannot have too                                                               many relationships.

      🔼Network database model ⇝ A flexible way of representing objects and their relationships
      🔼Relational database model ⇝ Stores information in the form of logically related two-                                                                            dimensional tables.


      Entities and Attributes

      Entity ⇝ A person, place, thing, transaction or event about which information is stored
     
      Attributes (fields, columns) ⇝ Characteristics or properties of an entity class


      Keys and Relationships

      👾 Primary keys and foreign keys identify the various entity classes (tables) in the database.

               🔼 Primary key 💨 A field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a                                                      table.
               🔼Foreign key 💨 A primary key of one table that appears an attribute in another table and                                                acts to provide a logical relationship among the two tables.



                                    

                      Potential relational database for Coca-Cola

         Relational Database Advantages

       👽 Database advantages from a business perspective include :

                  💕 Increased flexibility 

                  💕 Increased scalability and performance

                  💕 Reduced information redundancy

                  💕 Increased information integrity (quality)

                  💕 Increased information security

         Increased Flexibility

           😺 A well-designed database should : 

     

                   👉 Handle changes quickly and easily

                   👉 Provide users with different views

                   👉 Have only one physical view

                         ✌ Physical view ↠ Deals with the physical storage of information on a storage device

                   👉 Have multiple logical views

                          ✌ Logical view ↠ Focuses on how users logically access information

             Increased Scalability and Performance

               👀 A database must scale to meet increased demand, while maintaining acceptable                                     performance levels.

                      

                      👄 Scalability ⇝ Refers to how well a system can adapt to increased demands

                      👄Performance ⇝ Measures how quickly a system performs a certain process or                                                                  transaction.

              Reduced Information Redundancy

                 😃 Databases reduce information redundancy

                  

                       🙈  Redundancy ⇝ The duplication of information or storing the same information in                                                            multiple places.

                

                😃 Inconsistency is one of the primary problems with redundant information

                Increase Information Integrity (Quality)

                  

                    👯 Information Integrity ⇝ Measures the quality of information

                    👯 Integrity constraint ⇝ Rules that help ensure the quality of information

                               🔼 Relational integrity constraint

                               🔼 Business-critical integrity constraint 

               

                Increase Information Security

                      ⇨ Information is an organizational asset and must be protected

                      ⇨ Databases offer several security features including :

                              🔼Password ↠ Provides authentication of the user

                              🔼 Access level ↠ Determine who has access to the different types of information

                              🔼Access control ↠ Determine types of user access such as read-only access

                   

                       Database management systems (DBMS)

                         - Software through which users and application programs interact with a database

                           Data-driven Web sites

   

           .                 - An interactive Web site kept constantly updated and relevant to the needs of its                                      customers through the use of a database.

                                

Data-Driven Web Site Business Advantages

😃 Development

😃 Content Management

😃 Future Expandability

😃 Minimizing Human Error

😃 Cutting Production and Update Costs

😃 More Efficient

😃 Improved Stability

Business Intelligence in a data-driven Web site

Integrating Information among Multiple Databases

👀 Integration ⇝ Allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other

                        🔼Forward Integration - Takes information entered into a given system and sends it                                                             automatically to all downstream systems and processes.

                       🔼Backward Integration - Takes information entered into a given system and sends it                                                         automatically to all upstream systems and processes.

                                                        

Building a central repository specifically for integrated information